Case Report: Endovascular therapy for an iatrogenic vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm induced by multiple vascular procedures
Vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula (VJAVF) and vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm (VAPA) are usually caused by iatrogenic and penetrating traumas.The concurrence read more of these two entities originating from different ostia of the vertebral artery (VA) is extremely rare.The history of repeated open-heart surgery and the application of central ve